NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA
Last updated on
24-10-08
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Outline
INTRODUCTION
Nursing
Council Act came to existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses
who would safe guard the quality of nursing education in the country. The
mandate was to establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing
education. Today, Indian nursing council is a statutory body that
regulates nursing education in the country through prescription,
inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stands for a
uniform syllabus at each level of nursing education. The strive for
maintenance of a uniform standards and pattern of nursing education has
curbed creative development and experiments for expansion of nursing in to
newer horizons of nursing education.
There are six
levels of nursing education in India today. They are :
-
Multy Purpose Health
Worker Female training (ANM or
MPHW-F)
-
Female Health Supervisor training (HV or MPHS-F)
-
General nursing and midwifery (GNM)
-
BSc. Nursing
-
MSc. nursing
-
MPhil and PhD
The ANM, HV,
and GNM are conducted in schools of nursing. The last 3 are university
level courses and the respective universities conduct examinations. Beside
there are several certificate and diploma courses in specialties.
GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
The general
nursing and midwifery course is conducted in 477 centers in the country.
The syllabus has undergone many revisions according to the change in the
health plans and policies of the Government and changing trends and
advancements in general education, nursing health sciences and medical
technology. The latest revision of syllabus by INC in 2004 has increased
the duration of the course from three year to three and half year. The
basic entrance has become intermediate or class 12 instead of earlier
class 10. Both science and arts students are eligible. The focus of
general nursing education is the care of sick in the hospital. Schools of
nursing are generally attached to teaching hospitals. Three Board
examinations are conducted, one at the end of each year. On passing the
candidates are registered as registered nurse and mid –wife by the
respective state nursing councils.
PHILOSOPHY
The Indian Nursing Council believes that the basic course in nursing is a
formal educational preparation which should be based on sound education
principles. The council recognizes that the program as the foundation on
which the practice of nursing is built and on which depends further
professional education. It also recognizes its responsibility to the
society for the continued development of student as individual nurse and
citizens.
Purpose
The
purpose of general nursing programme is to prepare general nurse who will
function as member of the health team beginning with competence for first
level position in both hospital and community. The programme is generated
to the health needs of the society, the community and the individual and
will assist nurses in their personal and professional development so that
they may take their maximum contribution to the society as individual
citizens and nurses.
Objectives
1. Demonstrate awareness of and skills required in the nursing process
in the provision of health care and nursing of patients
2.
Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities biological and
behavioral sciences in carrying out health care and nursing activities and
functions.
3.
Show sensitivity and skill in human relationship and communication
in his or her daily works
4.
Demonstrate skill in the problem solving methods in nursing.
5.
Gain knowledge of health resources in the community and the country
6.
Demonstrate skill in leadership
7.
Demonstrate awareness of necessity of belonging to professional
organizations.
8.
Promotion of health, precaution against illness, restoration of
health and rehabilitation.
Students admission
1. Age for the entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years, provided they
meet the minimum educational requirement ie 12 years of schooling.
2. Minimum education all students should
pass 12 classes or its equivalent, preferably with science subjects
3. Admission of students shall be once a year.
4. Students should be medically fit.
The selection committee should comprise
tutors, nurse administrators, and educationalist/psychologist. The
principal of the school shall be the chairperson.
Training
programme
The course in general nursing shall be of three and half years
duration as follows,--- two years practice in general nursing , one year
community health nursing and midwifery and six months internship which
includes nursing administration and nursing research classes. There will
be alternate course for male students in lieu of midwifery. The ANM who
wishes to under take general nursing course will not be given any
concessions. The maximum hours per week per students shall be 36 hours,
which includes instructions and clinical field experiences.
BACHELOR OF
NURSING COURSE
Graduate
nursing education started in India in the year 1946 in CMC , Vellore and
in the RAK college of nursing at Delhi university. At present several
universities in India offer the course.
Eligibility for admission
A candidate
seeking admission should have:
1.
pass the 2 year of pre university exam or equivalent as recognized
by concerned university with science subjects ie Physics, biology and
chemistry.
2.
students of vocational courses
3.
obtained at least 45%of total marks in science subjects in the
qualifying exam, if belongs to a scheduled caste or tribe , should have
obtained not less than 40 % of total marks in science subjects.
4.
completed 17 years of age at the time of admission or will complete
this age on or before 31st December of the year of admission
5.
is medically fit
Objectives of study
The programme
is designed :
1.
to provide a balance of professional and general education
2.
to enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who
has self direction and is a responsible citizen.
Through
planned guided experiences students are provided with opportunities to
develop
-
a broad concept of the fundamental principles of nursing
care based on sound knowledge and satisfactory levels of skill in
providing care to people of all ages in community or institutional setting
-
understanding of the application of principles from the
physical biological and social sciences for assessing the health status
-
ability to investigate health care problems systematically
-
ability to work collaboratively with members of allied
disciplines towards attaining optimum health for all members of the
society
-
understanding of fundamental principles of administration
and organization of nursing service
-
understanding of human behaviour and appreciation of
effective interpersonal relationship with individuals families and groups
-
ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning
-
appreciation of professional attitudes necessasary for
leadership roles in nursing appreciation of social and ethical obligations
to society.
Course of
study
The course of study leading to bachelor of nursing degree comprises 4
academic years.
BACHELOR
OF NURSING COURSE (POST CERTIFICATE) FOR QUALIFIED NURSES
Philosophy
and aims of the programme
The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of the health
care delivery system and shire responsibility in collaboration with other
allied health professions. for the attainment of optimal health for all
members of the society. The faculty conceives education as a life long
learning process. It seeks to render appropriate behavioral changes in
students in order to facilitate their development , which assist them to
live personally satisfied and socially useful lives.
The goal of post certificate degree programme leading to bachelor of
science in nursing is the preparation of the trained nurse as a generalist
who accept responsibility for enhancing the effectiveness of Nursing care
Eligibility for admission
The candidate
seeking admission must:
1.
hold a certificate in General nursing.
2.
be a registered nurse
3.
have minimum of two years of experience
4.
have passed pre university exam in the arts /science/commerce or
its equivalent which is recognized the university
5.
be medically fit
6.
have a good personal and professional record
7.
have working knowledge of English
Programme
of study
DURATION
–the
programme of the study is two academic years from the date of commencement
of programme. Terms and vacations shall be as notified by the university
from time to time.
OBJECTIVES—the goal of the post certificate programme leading to the
bachelor of nursing is the preparation of the trained nurses as a generaralist who accept responsibility for enhancing the effectiveness of
nursing care.
-
Administer high quality nursing care to all people of all
ages in homes , hospitals and other community agencies in urban and rural
areas
-
Apply knowledge from the physical, social and behavioral
sciences in assessing the health status of individuals and make critical
judgment in assessing the health status of the individuals and make
critical judgment in planning ,directing and evaluating primary, acute
and long term care given by themselves and others working with them
-
Investigate health care problems systematically
-
Work collaboratively with members of other health
disciplines
-
Teach and counsel individuals , families and other groups
about health and illness
-
Understand human behavior and establish effective
interpersonal relationships
-
Teach in clinical nursing situations
-
Identify underlying principles from the social and natural
sciences and utilize them in adapting to , or initiating changes in
relation to those factors
-
Acquire professional knowledge and attitude in adapting for
leadership roles
DEGREE OF MASTER OF NURSING
Philosophy
Nursing
faculty presents the following beliefs about the master of nursing
programme:
1.
the master of nursing programme is offered by institution of higher
education and is built up on a recognized bachelor’s curriculum in
nursing (in India-by Indian nursing council)
2.
the programme prepares nurses for leadership position in nursing
and other health fields who can function as specialists nurse
practitioners, consultants ,educators ,administrators and investigators in
a wide variety of professional setting in meeting the national priorities
and the changing needs of the society
3. the programme prepares nursing graduates who are professionally
equipped ,creative, self directed and socially motivated to effectively
meet with the needs of the social change
4.
further the programme encourages accountability and commitment to
life long learning which fosters improvement of quality care
Objectives
Graduates of
master of nursing programme demonstrate:
-
increased cognitive ,affective and psychomotor competencies
and the ability to utilise the potentials for effective nursing
performance
-
expertise in the utilization of concepts and theories for
the assessment ,planning and intervention in meeting the self care needs
of an individual for the attainment of fullest potentials in the field of
specialty.
-
Ability to practice independently as a nurse specialist
-
Ability to function effectively as nurse educators and
administrators
-
Ability to interpret the health related research
-
Ability to plan and initiate change in the health care
system
-
Leadership qualities for the advancement of practice of
professional nursing
-
Interest in life long learning for personal and professional
learning advancement
Eligibility
The candidate
seeking admission must:
1.
have passed BSc. Nursing/post certificate BSc, or nursing degree
of any university
2.
have a minimum of one year of experience after obtaining BSc, in
hospitals or nursing educational institutions or community health setting
3.
for BSc, nursing post certificate, no such experience is needed
after graduation the candidate shall be-a registered nurse or registered
midwife for admission to medical surgical nursing, community health
nursing, pediatric nursing obstetric and gynecological nursing.
A registered nurse for admission to psychiatric nursing
4. the
candidate shall be selected on merit judged on the basis of academic
performances in BSc nursing, post certificate BSc, or nursing and
selection tests.
Specialties
Candidate
will be examined in any of the following branches—
-
branch1-medical surgical nursing
-
branch2-community health nursing
-
branch 3-paediatric nursing
-
branch4-obstetric and gynecological nursing
-
branch5-psychiatric nursing
Four common
papers are there included in the syllabus. They are:
-
advanced concepts of health and nursing
-
education and nursing education
-
bio-statistics, research methodology and nursing
research
-
administration and nursing administration
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAMME IN NURSING
In 1980 RAK college of nursing started an MPhil programme as a regular
and part time course. Since then several universities started taking
students for the MPhil course in nursing. Prominent among these are: MGR
Medical University, Rajive Gandhi University of Health Sciences, SNDT
University and Delhi University and Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Philosophy
Nursing shares with the whole university a main
focus of preparing its students for service and assisting them to achieve
a meaningful philosophy of life. The student is encouraged to develop
judgment and wisdom in handling knowledge and skills and achieve mastery
of problem solving and creative skills.
Commitment to life long learning is the mark
of truly professional person. In order to maintain clinical competencies
and enhance professional practice the student must stay abrupt
of the new developments and contribute to the advancement of nursing
knowledge.
Objectives
The
objectives of M.Phil degree course in nursing are:
Duration
Duration of
the full term M.Phil course will be one year and part time course will be
two year.
Course of
study
At the time
of admission each candidate will be required to indicate her priorities in
regard to the optional courses .a candidate may offer one course from M
Phil programme from the department of Anthropology, education, sociology
and physiology or any suitable department. The M.Phil studies will be into
two distinct parts, part1 and part 2.
Part1----it consist of 3 courses, ie research methods in
nursing, major aspects of nursing, allied disciplines
Part2----after passing the part1 examination, a student
shall be required to write a dissertation. The topic and the nature of the
dissertation of each candidate will be determined by the advisory
committee consist of 3 members. The dissertation may include results of
original research, a fresh
interpretation of existing facts, and date or a review article of critical
nature of may take.
DOCTORATE
OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
A
candidate for
admission to the course for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the
faculties of medical science must have obtained an M Phil degree of a
university or have a good academic record with first or second class
master’s degree of an Indian or a foreign university in the concerned
subject.
The candidate shall apply to the university
for the admission stating his qualifications and the subjects he proposes
to investigate enclosing a statement on any work he may have
done in the subject. every application for the admission of the
course must be analyzed by the board of research studies.
Board of
research studies (medical sciences)- members-
-
dean and the head of the departments concerned
-
Principals/ head of institutions recognized for post
graduate medical studies.
-
Two members nominated by the medical academic council
-
Three persons nominated by the medical faculty( for their
special knowledge in the medical science
Eligibility
criteria
-
The candidate should be post graduate in nursing
with more than 55% of aggregates of marks
-
Should have research background
-
May or may not published articles in journals
-
The course duration is far regular PhD course is
3 years and for part time is 4 years
REFERENCES
1. Neeraja K
P. Text book of nursing education.2005.1st edn. Noida. Jaypee
brothers medical publishers( p) Ltd.
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