Psychiatric Nursing

Sigmund Freud 1856- 1939

• Father of Psychoanalysis
• Structural theory of mind
• Topographic theory of mind
• “Interpretation of Dreams”

Alfred Adler

• Importance of feelings of inferiority - the inferiority complex
• Individual psychology

Anna Freud (1895 –1982)

• Psychoanalysis
• Object Relational Theory
• Child Psychiatry

Erik Erikson (1902 -1994)

• He coined the phrase identity crisis.
• Erikson's theory of personality -Theory of psychosocial development

Jean Piaget (1896 –1980) 

• Cognitive development theory
• Developmental psychologist

Abraham Harold Maslow (1908 –1970)

• American psychologist
•  Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Carl Rogers (1902 –1987)

• Psychotherapy and counseling
• Client-centered therapy

B. F. Skinner (1904 –1990)

• Concept of reinforcement and operant conditioning

Eugen Bleuler (1857 -1939)

• Coined the term "schizophrenia."
• 4 ‘A’s & secondary symptoms

Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926)

• Dementia precox & Manic depressive psychosis (MDP)
• Psychiatric methodology

Harry Stack Sullivan (1892- 1949)

• The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry

Kurt Schneider (1887 –1967

• First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia

John Bowlby (1907 - 1990)

• Attachment theory & Grief theory

John F Cade  (1912 –1980)

• Discovered (in 1948) the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer

Joseph Wolpe  (1915- 1997)

• Behaviour therapy: Systematic desensitization

Aaron T. Beck

• Cognitive  therapy

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857 -1940)

• Malarial therapy in General Paresis of Insane

Ugo Cerletti   (1877 - 1963)

• Discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy ECT

Arvid Carlsson (1923-)

• Swedish scientist, in 1957 he demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain which is implicated in psychosis

Egas Moniz (1874 –1955)

• Founder of psychosurgery  & cerebral angiography.
• Nobel Prize in 1949

Maxwell Jones

• Therapeutic Community

Karl Jaspers

• Phenomenology

Karl Leonhard

• Cycloid psychosis (later MDP)

Jacob Moreno -

• Psychodrama

Kubler Ross (1926-2004)

• Stages of grief

Leo Kanner (1894 –1981)

• Childhood Autism

Ivan Pavlov (1849 –1936 )

• Classical Conditioning

Clifford Beers (1876 – 1943)

• The founder of the American mental hygiene movement.
•  A Mind That Found Itself (1908), an autobiographical is an account of his  hospitalization

Philippe Pinel (1745 –1826)

• French physician known for humane psychological approach care of psychiatric patients & “moral therapy”

William Tuke (1732 – 1822)

• English businessman, philanthropist
• He started the York Retreat in 1796 for humane care of people with mental disorders

John Conolly (1830),

• removed restraints at the Hanwell Asylum

William Cullen

• Coined the term “neurosis”

Hildegard Peplau (1909 -1999)

• Interpersonal Theory of Nursing

Linda Richards  (1841 –1930)

• First psychiatric nurse, who set up nurse-training schools in several hospitals for mentally ill patients.

Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915),

• Alzheimer's disease

Franz Mesmer (1734–1815)

• Mesmerism

William Battie, (1758).

• The first text  book on psychiatric conditions  - Treatise on Madness 

Kahlbaum (1874)

• described catatonia

Hecker

• described hebephrenia

Jean-Etienne Esquirol (1772–1840)

• Coined the term hallucination

Georges Gilles de la Tourette

• Tourette’s disorder (tics and compulsive coprolalia).

Kurt Schnider

• First Rank symptoms of schizophrenia

Benjamin Rush, (1745- 1813)

• Father of American Psychiatry
• Emblem of American Association of Psychiatry bears his portrait.

David T Wong (1940-

• Discovered fluoxetine

Herbert Y Meltzer (1932-

• Clozapine

Carl Wernike (1848-1950)

• Aphasia, language

Korbian Broadman (1868-1918)

• Cytoarchitecture  -  definition of the cerebral cortex into 52 distinct regions

Sergi Korsakove (1853-1900)

• Korsakove’s psychosis

Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)

• Explained hysteria as a condition

Carl Gustav Jung (1875-

• Introversion & extroversion

Hans Berger (1873 –1941)

•  Electroencephalography (EEG)

• Schizoaffective disorders