Nursing Theories

a companion to nursing theories and models

Application of Theory in Nursing Proces Introduction Theories are a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory & predictive in nature. Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, models, propositions & are based on assumptions. They are derived through two principal methods; deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Objectives to assess the patient condition by the various methods explained by the nursing theory to identify the needs of the patient to demonstrate an effective communication and interaction with the patient. to select a theory for the application according to the need of the patient to apply the theory to solve the identified problems of the patient to evaluate the extent to which the process was fruitful. Definition: Nursing theory is an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in the discipline of nursing. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing.. Importance of nursing theories: Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing It should provide the foundations of nursing practice, help to generate further knowledge and indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future. Theory is important because it helps us to decide what we know and what we need to know It helps to distinguish what should form the basis of practice by explicitly describing nursing. The benefits of having a defined body of theory in nursing include better patient care, enhanced professional status for nurses, improved communication between nurses, and guidance for research and education The main exponent of nursing – caring – cannot be measured, it is vital to have the theory to analyze and explain what nurses do As medicine tries to make a move towards adopting a more multidisciplinary approach to health care, nursing continues to strive to establish a unique body of knowledge This can be seen as an attempt by the nursing profession to maintain its professional boundaries Characteristics of theories: Theories are Interrelating concepts in such a way as to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomenon. Logical in nature. Generalizable. Bases for hypotheses that can be tested. Increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them. Used by the practitioners to guide and improve their practice. Consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated. Purposes of theory in practice: Assist nurses to describe, explain, and predict everyday experiences. Serve to guide assessment, intervention, and evaluation of nursing care. Provide a rationale for collecting reliable and valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision making and implementation. Help to establish criteria to measure the quality of nursing care Help build a common nursing terminology to use in communicating with other health professionals. Ideas are developed and words defined. Enhance autonomy (independence and self-governance) of nursing by defining its own independent functions. If theory is expected to benefit practice, it must be developed co- operatively with people who practice nursing. People who do research and develop theories think differently about theory when they perceive the reality of practice. Theories do not provide the same type of procedural guidelines for practice as do situation- specific principles and procedures or rules. Procedural rules or principles help to standardise nursing practice and can also be useful in achieving minimum goals of quality of care. Theory is ought to improve the nursing practice. One of the most common ways theory has been organized in practice is in the nursing process of analyzing assessment data. REFERENCES 1. Alligood M R, Tomey A M. Nursing Theory: Utilization &Application .3rd ed. Missouri: Elsevier Mosby Publications; 2002. 2. Tomey AM, Alligood. MR. Nursing theorists and their work. (5th ed.). Mosby, Philadelphia, 2002 3. George JB .Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice .5th ed. New Jersey :Prentice Hall;2002.

       
• Introduction to Nursing Theories
   
• Development of Nursing Theories
   
• Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory
   
• Theory if Interpersonal Relations
   
• Faye Glenn Abdellah's Theory
   
• Jean Watson's theory
   
• Johnson’s behavior system model
   
• Theory of Goal Attainment
   
• Betty Neumann’s system model
   
• Levin's Four Conservation Principles
   
• Nursing Theorists
   
• Martha Roger’s Science of unitary human beings
   
• Theories Based on Interactive Process
   
• Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory
   
• Nursing Theories: An Overview
   
• Research and Nursing Theories
   
• Roy's Adaptation Model
   
• Orlando's Nursing Process  
   
• Application Goal Attainment Theory
   
• Application Orem's Self-care Deficit Theory 
   
• Understanding the works of Nursing Theorists: A creative beginning
   
• Health Promotion Model
   
• Health Belief Model
   
• Theories used in Community Health Nursing
   
• Application of Suchman’s Stages of Illness Model
   
• Application of Betty Neuman's Systems Model in Nursing Care 
• Application of Roy's Adaptation Model in Nursing Process
   
• Application of Peplau's Interpersonal theory in Nursing Process
   
• Application of Nursing Theories
   
• Transcultural Nursing
   
• Helping and Human Relationships Theory: Robert R. Carkhuff
   
• Models of Prevention 
   

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